Use and Application of Conventional Signs and Symbols
In surveying and technical drawing, it is not always practical to represent real-world objects in their actual form on maps and plans. Therefore, conventional signs and symbols are used to represent various features such as roads, buildings, rivers, trees, and boundaries. These symbols are standardized and universally accepted, making it easier to understand and interpret drawings and maps.
For students in the Surveyor trade, knowledge of conventional signs and symbols is essential. It helps in preparing accurate maps and ensures effective communication of information among engineers, surveyors, and other professionals.
Meaning of Conventional Signs and Symbols
Conventional signs and symbols are simplified graphical representations of physical features and objects. Instead of drawing detailed pictures, standard symbols are used to save time and space while maintaining clarity.
These symbols are commonly used in maps, plans, and engineering drawings to represent different features in a uniform manner.
Importance of Conventional Signs and Symbols
The use of conventional signs and symbols offers several advantages:
- Clarity: Makes drawings easy to understand
- Uniformity: Ensures standard representation
- Time-saving: Reduces the effort required for drawing
- Communication: Helps in conveying information effectively
- Compactness: Saves space on drawing sheets
Types of Conventional Signs and Symbols
Conventional signs and symbols can be classified based on the features they represent:
1. Natural Features
These symbols represent natural elements found on the earth’s surface.
- Rivers and streams
- Mountains and hills
- Forests and trees
- Lakes and ponds
2. Man-made Features
These symbols represent structures created by humans.
- Buildings and houses
- Roads and railways
- Bridges and canals
- Dams and towers
3. Boundary and Survey Lines
These symbols are used to show property boundaries and survey lines.
- Boundary lines
- Fencing
- Survey stations
- Benchmarks
4. Utility Symbols
These symbols represent services and utilities.
- Electric lines
- Water supply lines
- Sewage lines
- Telephone lines
Common Conventional Symbols Used in Surveying
Some commonly used symbols in survey drawings include:
- A small square for buildings
- Parallel lines for roads
- A zigzag line for rivers
- Small circles for trees
- Dashed lines for boundaries
These symbols may vary slightly depending on standards, but their meanings remain consistent.
Use of Conventional Signs and Symbols
Conventional signs and symbols are widely used in various aspects of surveying:
- Preparation of maps and plans
- Representation of field data
- Identification of features on land
- Communication between professionals
- Documentation and record keeping
Application in Surveying Work
In practical surveying work, conventional symbols are applied in the following ways:
1. Field Surveying
Surveyors use symbols in field books to record observations quickly. This helps in saving time and maintaining accuracy.
2. Map Preparation
While preparing maps, symbols are used to represent various features clearly. This makes the map easy to read and understand.
3. Construction Planning
Symbols are used in layout plans to indicate the position of structures, utilities, and other features. This helps in proper planning and execution of projects.
4. Urban and Rural Planning
Conventional symbols are used in planning layouts of cities and villages. They help in representing roads, buildings, parks, and other facilities.
5. Communication and Documentation
Standard symbols ensure that drawings can be understood by anyone, regardless of language differences. This is especially important in large projects involving multiple teams.
Rules for Using Conventional Signs and Symbols
- Use only standard and accepted symbols
- Maintain uniformity throughout the drawing
- Keep symbols clear and properly sized
- Provide a legend or key when necessary
- Avoid overcrowding of symbols
Legend or Key
A legend or key is a small section of the drawing that explains the symbols used. It helps the reader understand the meaning of each symbol. Including a legend is important, especially when multiple symbols are used.
Advantages in Surveyor Trade
For surveyor trainees, learning conventional signs and symbols improves their ability to prepare professional drawings. It also enhances their understanding of maps and plans.
This knowledge is essential for both fieldwork and office work, as it ensures accurate representation and interpretation of data.
Conclusion
Conventional signs and symbols are an essential part of surveying and technical drawing. They provide a simple and effective way to represent complex information in a clear and standardized manner.
Understanding their use and application is important for every Surveyor trade trainee. With proper knowledge and practice, students can create accurate, neat, and professional maps and drawings that meet industry standards.