Types of Surveys for Location of a Road
Surveying plays a crucial role in the planning and construction of roads. Before constructing a road, different types of surveys are conducted to determine the most suitable route, design, and alignment. These surveys ensure safety, economy, and efficiency in road construction. For ITI Surveyor trainees, understanding these surveys is essential.
Need for Road Survey
- To select the best possible route
- To minimize construction cost
- To ensure safety and convenience
- To study terrain and ground conditions
Main Types of Surveys for Road Location
1. Map Study
This is the first stage of road survey. It involves studying topographical maps to identify possible routes.
- Uses existing maps and data
- Helps in selecting alternative routes
- Low cost and quick method
2. Reconnaissance Survey
In this survey, the selected routes from map study are inspected in the field.
- Rough survey of the area
- Identification of obstacles
- Collection of preliminary data
3. Preliminary Survey
This survey is conducted to collect detailed information about the selected routes.
- Measurement of distances, angles, and elevations
- Preparation of plans and profiles
- Estimation of quantities and cost
4. Final Location Survey
This is the last stage of road survey where the final alignment is fixed.
- Marking of center line on the ground
- Preparation of detailed drawings
- Setting out of curves and gradients
Additional Surveys
Traffic Survey
Conducted to determine traffic volume and type for road design.
Soil Survey
Study of soil properties to ensure stability of road.
Hydrological Survey
Study of water flow, drainage, and rainfall.
Sequence of Road Survey
- Map Study
- Reconnaissance Survey
- Preliminary Survey
- Final Location Survey
Importance in Surveyor Trade
- Helps in proper planning of road projects
- Ensures safe and economical construction
- Provides accurate data for design
Precautions
- Collect accurate field data
- Consider environmental factors
- Ensure proper alignment selection
- Verify all measurements
Conclusion
Different types of surveys are required for proper location and construction of roads. Each stage provides important information for planning and design.
For ITI Surveyor trainees, understanding these surveys is essential for successful road construction projects and professional work in the field of surveying.